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春节是中国的传统佳节，外国朋友们如果想要了解中国的传统习俗，又无法亲身体会？别担心，Mr. China邀你共度春节！我们是来自南京航空航天大学外国语学院的实践团队，请和我们一起，走进中国年！
春节，是农历的岁首，是中国最盛大、最令人振奋、最古老的节日，也是中国所独有的节日。它自西汉以来已陪伴着炎黄子孙超过两千年的时光。但，南北方过年的习俗却大不相同。北方吃饺子南方吃汤圆，北方吃面南方吃年糕。这只是最笼统的习俗，各地区习俗又不尽相同。究其原因，是地域、气候等的不同造就了人们不同的饮食习惯，加之古代交通不便、各地区之间难以沟通交流，才造成了差别巨大的年俗。年俗不同，但心意相通，习俗，都表达了人们对亲朋好友的美好祝福以及对来年的美好期盼。
The Spring Festival is a unique Chinese festival that falls on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar. It is the grandest, the most exciting, and the oldest yearly event, dating back to the Western Han Dynasty over 2,000 years ago. However, the customs in the northern and southern parts of China are very different. For example, northerners love dumplings, while southerners prefer Tangyuan―glutinous rice dough that is rolled into balls with fillings inside. Northerners enjoy noodles, while southerners like rice cakes more. These are just some generalizations. In fact, customs vary from region to region in the south or the north due to geographic and climate features, as well as lack of communication caused by inconvenient transportation in ancient times. The customs may be different, but the implications are the same. All the traditions are meant to express their best wishes to their friends and relatives as well as great prospects for the coming year.
北京是典型的北方城市，其大多数年俗，都是北方地区的真实写照，而这一点在饮食尤为明显。北京人在过年时有吃炸丸子、羊肉、鲤鱼等美食的习俗。炸丸子，寓意合家团圆；吃羊肉，羊通“祥”，吉祥如意；食鱼，必须是鲤鱼，最初是以祭神为名目，后来则与“吉庆有余”的吉祥话相联，鱼既是美食，也是供品；还要吃年糕，春节吃年糕，寓意万事如意年年高。“义取年胜年，籍以祈岁稔。”明、清时，年糕已发展成市面上一种常年供应的小食，并有南北风味之别。在春节，老北京的年糕由清真回民小吃店大量供应。
Beijing is a typical northern Chinese city. Its customs, especially its cuisine, are classic of northern China. The local people will have fried meatballs, mutton, and carp, to name but a few. Fried meatballs represent family reunion. Mutton symbolizes good luck, for the Chinese character 羊 for sheep has the sense of auspiciousness. Carp is also a must, originally intended to be an offering to gods. It has since been associated with wishes for good luck. It is served as an offering, or as a delicacy.
People in northern China also enjoy rice cakes during the Spring Festival to wish all the best for the next year and to strive for success financially or otherwise.
The festival derived its name from “New Year”; yet, its meaning has risen above the original sense. It now conveys prayers for a good harvest. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties a few centuries back, rice cakes have become a year-round snack, with varied flavors in the north and the south. During the Spring Festival, rice cakes with genuine Beijing flavor are served in large quantities by Muslim snack bars.
北京还有“初一饺子初二面”的年俗。饺子形似元宝，寓意吉祥，有辞旧迎新之意。 初二吃面，寓意生活像面条一样“条条顺”。
As a Beijing proverb goes, “Dumplings on the first day of the New Year, and noodles on the second.” Dumplings are shaped like gold ingots, which symbolize auspiciousness. To eat dumplings during the festival means saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new, while noodles symbolize a smooth life.
北方人民过年会去庙会或寺庙讨彩头；比如，到正阳门“走桥摸钉”就是老北京过年的习俗之一。清《月日纪古》卷一中记载：正月十六日走百病，盖因妇女藉此节日可以走较远的地方，实为一种健身活动。已婚不孕的妇女，摸城门钉，“钉”谐音“丁”，取“添丁”之意，寓意家中人丁兴旺，希望来年生子。正阳门是北京城的城楼中最高的一座，通高43.65米，所以摸正阳门的门钉最灵验。
Northerners often go to temple fairs or temples to pray for lucky omens. “Walking on the bridge and touching the nail” at Zhengyang Gate is one of the ancient customs for Beijing residents. It was first described in Volume One of Marking Events by Solar Terms and Months compiled in the Qing Dynasty.
Women could justifiably go hiking on the 16th day of the first lunar month because it was believed that a long walk on this day would rid them of all diseases. Actually, it was kind of bodybuilding exercise. Infertile women would touch the nails on the city gate to pray for family prosperity, hoping to become pregnant the next year, since the character 钉 for nail sounds the same as 丁for child in Chinese. Measuring 43.65 meters, Zhengyang Gate is the highest gate tower in Beijing. Thus, touching nails on this gate is believed to be the most effective.
浙江天台作为典型的南方城市的代表，又与北方有什么不同的习俗呢？
As a representative of southern cities, what customs does Tiantai, Zhejiang have that distinguish it from northern cities?
浙江天台人吃年夜饭时会有吃饺饼筒的习俗。饺饼筒，以面糊做皮，内裹有蛋皮、鱼肉、金丝、木耳等食物，卷成筒状，然后继续煎制直到外皮金黄即可食用。
People in Tiantai eat cakes rolled in dumplings for dinner on New Year’s Eve. Cakes rolled in dumplings have batter as covering, and eggs, fish, potato shreds, fungus and so on as fillings. They are rolled into rolls, and then fried until the wrap turns golden.
每到农历年底，天台人也都会制作年糕、吃年糕，这是由来已久的习俗。吃年糕，寓意着年年登高，表达了人们对于来年的美好期盼。此外，人们也会吃汤圆，寓意团团圆圆，表达了人们对于合家团圆、平安顺遂的期盼；
One other ancient custom in Tiantai is to prepare and eat rice cakes at the turn of the lunar year. Eating rice cakes means pursuing a better self and expressing one’s best wishes for the next year. In addition, people also eat tangyuan, to convey expectations of family reunion and to ward off all evil spirits and disasters in the year to come.
与北方正月十五过元宵节不同，在天台，正月十四才是人们闹元宵的日子。街上挂满花灯。但在疫情期间，人们都自发不再进行民俗活动，只为早日战胜疫情，冷清的街道更显大爱。
Unlike northern Chinese, who celebrate the Lantern Festival on January the 15th on the lunar calendar, people in Tiantai traditionally celebrate it on the 14th, when the street is festooned with lanterns. However, in order to fight the Covid-19 pandemic, the locals now voluntarily, and wisely, choose not to have any large gatherings. Nevertheless, the quiet streets are telling stories of greater love and deferred gratification.
南北方很多时候都会爆发一些有趣的“民俗大战”，就连春节也不可避免地会被拿来做比较。这些不同的风俗反映了我国地大物博，人文、自然差异极大，也同样反映出人民对于文化的尊重和传承。虽然南北方过年的风俗差异很大，但归根到底，都表达了对于合家团圆的期盼以及对于新的一年的美好祝愿，体现了中华民族重视家庭、向往幸福团圆的文化特性。
It is interesting that people will “pit” the northern customs against the southern ones, including those during the Spring Festival. These different customs reflect the variety in culture and resources, and the respect for and inheritance of cultural traditions as well. Behind the different traditions of celebrating the Spring Festival are the same expectation of family reunion and the same good wishes for the New Year. They highlight the cultural feature that attaches great importance to love of family life and happy reunions.
（南京航空航天大学外国语学院 指导老师/梁道华 李萍；产品经理/苏露 王雨柔 邓嘉瑞；导演/邵杰 龚钰婷；主持人/金涵嫣；摄影/孙婧溢 金涵嫣；剪辑/高一点 钱嘉乐；新媒体稿/余响）
